Rabu, 11 Januari 2012
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: alms Sea (Sedekah Laut)
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: alms Sea (Sedekah Laut): The annual event ( every month sura ) . fishermen choose kliwon Friday, or Tuesday to hold larungan kliwon J...
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: The annual event (every month sura). fishermen ch...
B.E.L.A.J.A.R:
The annual event (every month sura). fishermen ch...: The annual event ( every month sura ) . fishermen choose kliwon Friday or Tuesday to hold larungan kliwon Jolen...
The annual event (every month sura). fishermen ch...: The annual event ( every month sura ) . fishermen choose kliwon Friday or Tuesday to hold larungan kliwon Jolen...
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: Photography
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: Photography: Photography ( from English: photography , which comes from the Greek word is " Fos": Light and " Grafo ": Painting / wri...
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: Nirmana Fotografi
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: Nirmana Fotografi: NIRMANA Vol. 1 No. 1 JANUARI 1999 Jurusan Desain Komunikasi Visual, Fakultas Seni dan Desain –Universitas Kristen Petra http://puslit.petra....
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: Komposisi dalam Fotografi
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: Komposisi dalam Fotografi: KOMPOSISI DALAM FOTOGRAFI Lesie Yuliadewi Dosen Jurusan Desain Komunikasi Visual Fakultas Seni dan Desain – Universitas Kristen Petra A...
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: Elemen Komposisi dalam Fotografi
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: Elemen Komposisi dalam Fotografi: 5 Elemen Komposisi dalam Fotografi Oleh Darren Rowse Komposisi yang baik merupakan elemen kunci dari foto yang bagus namun kadang kala...
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: Elemen Komposisi dalam Fotografi
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: Elemen Komposisi dalam Fotografi: 5 Elemen Komposisi dalam Fotografi Oleh Darren Rowse Komposisi yang baik merupakan elemen kunci dari foto yang bagus namun kadang kala...
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: Pencahayaan studio 1
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: Pencahayaan studio 1: Dasar-dasar Tehnik Pencahayaan Studio Teknik Pencahayaan Studio Penerapan teknis pencahayaan di studio memiliki beberapa keterbatasa...
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Surakarta has Banjarsari District, a district whe...: Surakarta has Banjarsari District , a district where it has 13 Banjarsari Village , one of the villages of Mil...
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B.E.L.A.J.A.R: Narration, description, exposition, argument, pers...
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: Narration, description, exposition, argument, pers...: Narrative Simply put, the narrative is known as a story. In the narrative of events or incidents within a sequence of time. In the event t...
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: List of 10 unique email service1. MailExpire.com -...
B.E.L.A.J.A.R: List of 10 unique email service1. MailExpire.com -...: List of 10 unique email service 1. MailExpire.com - Register your temporary email address that will expire within 12 hours up to three mont...
List of 10 unique email service1. MailExpire.com - Register your temporary email address that will expire within 12 hours up to three months.2. Spamex.com - The site of this service creates email addresses will not be seen by the recipients. Email from a specific person can be permanently denied that it would never get into the box inbox. Free version is valid for 30 days as a test run, and once expired you can subscribe at a rate of about 100 thousand for one year.3. Dodgeit.com - To create a fake email address that can only be received, used primarily to reject spam.4. BigString.com - Fully paid, with a capacity of 2 GB to 20 GB, depending on the type of account chosen. Can remove or pull back an email that already sent. Can keep track of what time the recipient reads your letter and how many times he read it. Email sent can be automatically deleted when the recipient is reading.5. HoaxMail.co.uk - Free, to send emails and SMS messages anonymously. Can be used from any country.6. Mail.com - It's free email service. Uniquely, we can choose a favorite domain - email suffix - from about 250 domains is available. For example if you're a journalist make your mail address "namamu@journalist.com" or to the teacher by e-mail address "namamu@teacher.com". But these services include banner ads in large size so it is quite disturbing when we access email.7. FutureMe.org - email feature which is very unique. As the name suggests, you can send a second email is to be accepted by the destination address at the time will come, according to the schedule you set.8. Fuser.com - By using Fuser, you can simultaneously see all your email registered in other services, like Yahoo Mail, GMail, Hotmail, etc..9. Pranketh.com - Write a letter as if sent by others.10. Postful.com - paid email services. Write a letter, then type your home address / residence of the recipient, and send to the service. They will print your letter and submit it via the post or courier.
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Daftar 10 layanan email unik
1. MailExpire.com – Daftarkan alamat email sementara yang akan expire dalam tempo 12 jam hingga tiga bulan.
2. Spamex.com – Situs layanan ini menciptakan alamat email yang tidak akan bisa dilihat oleh si penerima surat. Email dari orang tertentu bisa ditolak secara permanen sehingga tidak akan pernah masuk ke kotak inbox. Versi gratisnya berlaku selama 30 hari sebagai uji coba, dan setelah kedaluarsa kau bisa berlangganan dengan tarif sekitar Rp100 ribu untuk satu tahun.
3. Dodgeit.com – Untuk membuat alamat email palsu yang hanya bisa menerima, dipakai terutama untuk menolak spam.
4. BigString.com – Layanan berbayar, dengan kapasitas sebesar 2 GB hingga 20 GB, tergantung jenis akun yang dipilih. Bisa menghapus atau menarik kembali email yang terlanjur dikirim. Bisa melacak jam berapa suratmu dibaca si penerima dan berapa kali dia membacanya. Email yang terkirim bisa terhapus secara otomatis ketika si penerima sedang membacanya.
5. HoaxMail.co.uk – Gratis, untuk mengirim email dan pesan SMS secara anonim. Bisa dipakai dari negara manapun.
6. Mail.com – Ini layanan email gratis. Uniknya, kita bisa memilih domain kesukaan — akhiran email — dari sekitar 250 domain yang tersedia. Misalnya bila kau seorang wartawan buatlah alamat suratmu “namamu@journalist.com” atau untuk guru dengan alamat email “namamu@teacher.com”. Tetapi layanan ini memuat iklan-iklan banner dalam ukuran besar sehingga cukup mengganggu saat kita mengakses email.
7. FutureMe.org – Fitur mengirim email yang sangat unik. Seperti namanya, kau bisa mengirim email detik ini untuk diterima oleh alamat tujuan pada waktu akan datang, sesuai jadwal yang kau setting.
8. Fuser.com – Dengan memakai Fuser, kau bisa sekaligus melihat semua emailmu yang terdaftar di layanan lain, seperti di Yahoo Mail, GMail, Hotmail, dll.
9. Pranketh.com – Tulis sebuah surat seakan-akan dikirim oleh orang lain.
10. Postful.com – Layanan email berbayar. Tulis sebuah surat, lalu ketikkan alamat rumah/tempat tinggal si penerima, dan kirim ke layanan ini. Mereka akan mencetak suratmu dan menyampaikannya lewat jalur pos atau kurir.
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Daftar 10 layanan email unik
1. MailExpire.com – Daftarkan alamat email sementara yang akan expire dalam tempo 12 jam hingga tiga bulan.
2. Spamex.com – Situs layanan ini menciptakan alamat email yang tidak akan bisa dilihat oleh si penerima surat. Email dari orang tertentu bisa ditolak secara permanen sehingga tidak akan pernah masuk ke kotak inbox. Versi gratisnya berlaku selama 30 hari sebagai uji coba, dan setelah kedaluarsa kau bisa berlangganan dengan tarif sekitar Rp100 ribu untuk satu tahun.
3. Dodgeit.com – Untuk membuat alamat email palsu yang hanya bisa menerima, dipakai terutama untuk menolak spam.
4. BigString.com – Layanan berbayar, dengan kapasitas sebesar 2 GB hingga 20 GB, tergantung jenis akun yang dipilih. Bisa menghapus atau menarik kembali email yang terlanjur dikirim. Bisa melacak jam berapa suratmu dibaca si penerima dan berapa kali dia membacanya. Email yang terkirim bisa terhapus secara otomatis ketika si penerima sedang membacanya.
5. HoaxMail.co.uk – Gratis, untuk mengirim email dan pesan SMS secara anonim. Bisa dipakai dari negara manapun.
6. Mail.com – Ini layanan email gratis. Uniknya, kita bisa memilih domain kesukaan — akhiran email — dari sekitar 250 domain yang tersedia. Misalnya bila kau seorang wartawan buatlah alamat suratmu “namamu@journalist.com” atau untuk guru dengan alamat email “namamu@teacher.com”. Tetapi layanan ini memuat iklan-iklan banner dalam ukuran besar sehingga cukup mengganggu saat kita mengakses email.
7. FutureMe.org – Fitur mengirim email yang sangat unik. Seperti namanya, kau bisa mengirim email detik ini untuk diterima oleh alamat tujuan pada waktu akan datang, sesuai jadwal yang kau setting.
8. Fuser.com – Dengan memakai Fuser, kau bisa sekaligus melihat semua emailmu yang terdaftar di layanan lain, seperti di Yahoo Mail, GMail, Hotmail, dll.
9. Pranketh.com – Tulis sebuah surat seakan-akan dikirim oleh orang lain.
10. Postful.com – Layanan email berbayar. Tulis sebuah surat, lalu ketikkan alamat rumah/tempat tinggal si penerima, dan kirim ke layanan ini. Mereka akan mencetak suratmu dan menyampaikannya lewat jalur pos atau kurir.
Sabtu, 07 Januari 2012
Narration, description, exposition, argument, persuasion.(Narasi, Deskripsi, Eksposisi, Argumentasi, Persuasi.)
NarrativeSimply put, the narrative is known as a story. In the narrative of events or incidents within a sequence of time. In the event there are also characters who face a conflict. The third element in the form of events, characters, and conflict is an essential element of a narrative. If the three elements together, these three elements is called a plot or a plot.Thus, narrative is a story that is described based on the plot or plot.Narration can contain [[facts]] or [[fiction]]. The narrative that contains facts called expository narration, while the narrative that contains a fictional narrative called suggestive. Examples of expository narrative are biographies, autobiographies, or the story of the experience. While the example is suggestive narrative novels, short stories, cerbung, or cergam.Shaped pattern in a simple narrative structure with the sequence beginning - middle - end.*''Preliminary''usually contains introductory narrative that introduces the atmosphere and character. The initial part should be made attractive in order to bind the reader. {{Br}}* The''center''is a part that gives rise to a conflict. [[Conflict]] then directed toward the [[climax]] story. After konfik arise and reach the climax, the story gradually will subside. {{Br}}*''''End of story which has eased the way disclosure is mixed. Someone tell the length, there are short, some are trying to hang the end of the story by letting the reader to figure it out yourself.Step up the narrative (especially in the form of fiction) tends to be done through the creative process, beginning with the search, discover, and explore [[idea]]. Therefore, the story assembled by using the "formula" 5 W's + 1 H, which can be shortened to'''sister'''.{{ Simba Citation needed | date = October 2009}}# ('''W'''hat)''' A'''pa to be told,# ('''W'''here)''' in'''where the setting / location of the story,# ('''W'''hen)''' K'''apan events took place,# ('''W'''ho)''' Si'''apa story actors,# ('''W'''hy)''' M'''engapa those events occurred, and# ('''H'''ow)''' Ba'''gaimana story was presented.Sukarno's speech about the basics of independent Indonesia, called [[Pancasila]] at a hearing [[BPUPKI]] dated June 1, 1945. {{Br}}Sukarno with [[Mohammad Hatta]] as the representative of Indonesia to [[proclamation]] Indonesia's independence on August 17, 1945. He was arrested [[Netherlands]] and consigned to [[Bengkulu]] in 1948. Sukarno returned to the [[Yogyakarta]] and restored his position as President in 1949.=== Example ==='''Example narrative contains facts:'''[[Ir. Sukarno]]Ir. Sukarno, President of the [[Republic of Indonesia]] first he was a [[nationalist]]. He led the [[PNI]] in 1928. Sukarno spent time in prison and in exile because of his courageLeadership and fighting spirit never faded. Sukarno with the leaders of other countries became a spokesman for the non-aligned countries on the [[Asian-African Conference]] in [[Bandung]] in 1955. Almost all his life was spent traveling to serve and fight.'''Example of narrative fiction:'''I smiled, swinging steps. A cold wind that hit, making the bones in my body rattled. I put the palms of [[hand]] into a jacket pocket, trying to combat the chill that was so excruciating. {{Br}}Fragrant veil of burning wood in the fireplace when Eriza opened the door to greet me.Fragrant who would kurindui when I have returned to their homeland. But the face of ayu in front of me, would kurindui too? {{Br}}There was a pounding in the chest, but I try to dismiss. Do not, Bowo, said [[liver]] little girl, do not let your heart is divided. Remember Ratri, he was waiting kepulanganmu with all her love.DescriptionAuthorship of this type contains a description of a case / situation so that the reader as if to see, hear, or feel it.Authorship description has features such as:* Describe something* The depiction was made very clear by involving sensory impression,* Make the reader or listener to feel alone or experience alone.Paragraph description of the pattern of development:* Paragraph Description of Spatial, this paragraph describes the object specially the room, objects or places.* Description of Subjective Paragraphs, paragraphs describe objects such as interpretation or impression of the feeling the author.* Paragraph Description of Objective, this paragraph describes the object by what it is or was.Steps to building a description:# Specify the object or theme which will be described# Define the purpose# Collect data by observing the object to be described# Compile the data into a good sequence (frame composition)# Describe the outline of a decryption in accordance with defined themesExamples of narrative / essay description:Promptly at 6:00 I woke up, accompanied by sound - the sound of crowing cock seemed to sing while awakening people - people who masi bed. and can I see the birds - birds that fly leave the nest to find food.ExpositionThis essay contains a description or explanation of a topic with the aim gives [[information]] or [[knowledge]] added to the reader. To clarify the description, can be equipped with [[graph]], image or [[statistics]]. For the record, not infrequently found exposition contains only a description of the steps / methods / processes work. The exposition thus commonly called exposure process.Step up exposition:* Define the topic / theme* Setting goals* Collecting data from various sources* Develop in accordance with the outline of the selected topic* Develop a framework to be written by the exposition.=== Example ==='''Examples of appropriate topics for exposition:'''
* The benefits of activity [[extracurricular]]* The role of the wall in the school magazine* Vocational schools as producing skilled manpower.'''Writing sample exposition in general:'''
Basically the job [[accountants]] covers two main areas, namely [[accounting]] and [[auditing]]. In the field of accounting, accountant job retention in the form of data processing to produce financial information, is also planning [[information systems]] accounting is used to produce financial information. {{Br}}In the field of auditing accountants work in an objective examination of financial statements to assess the reasonableness of the information contained in the report.'''Example of exposure to the process which is also a form of exposition:'''Basically the accountant's work covers two main areas, namely accounting and auditing. In the field of accounting, accountant job retention in the form of data processing to produce financial information, accounting information systems planning is also used to produce financial information.In the field of auditing accountants work in an objective examination of financial statements to assess the reasonableness of the information contained in the report.ArgumentationThis essay aims to prove the truth of an opinion / conclusion with data / facts as reasons / evidence. In the arguments justifying his opinion of the author expects the reader. Any element of opinions and data, as well as an advocate of fact or reason [[opinion]] is.Step up the argument:# Define the topic / theme# Setting goals# Collect data from various sources# Develop in accordance with the outline of the selected topic# Develop a framework into an argument essay=== Example ==='''Example themes / topics are appropriate for the argument:'''* Discipline the key to success was [[entrepreneurship]],* [[Technology]] communication must be mastered,* Vocational High School as a potential national asset.'''Example essay arguments in general:'''[[Soul]] heroism must be constantly nurtured and developed due to the spirit of heroism, of development in our country can be run successfully. Heroism will develop into the values and personality traits are noble, high-minded, responsible, dedicated, loyal, tough, and love of neighbor. All of these properties is needed to support development in various fields.PersuasionThis essay aims to influence the reader to do something or invite besifat essay. In persuasion the author expect any form of motor behavior that was done by the reader in accordance with the recommended author in writing.Step up persuasion:# Define the topic / theme# Define the purpose# Collect data from various sources# Prepare the outline of your# Develop the outline of a persuasive essay=== Example ==='''Example themes / topics are appropriate for persuasion:* Say no to drugs,* Save [[energy]] for the sake of future generations,* Forest our friend,* Healthy living without [[cigarettes]],* Reading to expand [[horizon]].'''Example essay persuasion in general:'''One of the diseases we need to watch out for in the rainy season this is acute respiratory infections (ARI). To prevent [[ARD]], we need to eat nutritious foods, drinking [[vitamin]] and [[antioxidant]]. In addition, we need adequate rest, not smoking, and regular exercise, because all it needs to process and how that continues.Spelling is a depiction of the sounds of language (words, sentences, etc.) with the rules of writing (letters) are standardized. Spelling usually has three aspects:phonological aspects concerning the depiction of phonemes with letters and the preparation of the alphabetmorphological aspects concerning the depiction of the units morfemissyntactic aspects of speech-related markers in the form of punctuation.Punctuation marks are symbols that are not associated with the phoneme (sound) or words and phrases in a language, but rather serves to demonstrate the structure and organization of a writing, as well as intonation and pauses that can be observed during the reading. Punctuation rules differ between languages, location, time, and continues to grow.Some aspects of punctuation is a specific style which therefore depends on the choice of authors.[Edit] Types of punctuationSeveral types of punctuation that are important include:Dot (.) Function to mark the end of the sentence news, or for purposes of abbreviation, title, and the numbersComma (,) serves to separate clauses or things mentioned in the sentence, also for purposes of abbreviation, title, and figures.((..)) Sign brackets serves to explain a term that has not been widely known by the audience.Mark (`) quote a single function to associate a term.("...") Quotation marks serve to mark the direct sentence or conversation in a play.Mark (!) Serves to emphasize the fun, giving warning that the sentence is marked with an exclamation that need to be addressed.Mark (?) Asked the question serves to complete the sentence.blindov beautiful sign (b) the function is held.Signs (...-...) circuit serves to connect the word fragment, word repeated, a value range.Colon (:) function to start parsing a sentence.[Edit] Format of writingIn addition to punctuation, there is also the format of writing is quite helpful for the purposes of writing a sentence.Bold, to emphasize a word or phrase that is becoming a conversation. Example: Crocodiles are the largest reptiles that live in rivers and swamps.Italics are words uptake outside of the standard language that is being used. Example: By the time of elections, many candidates who SOWAN clerics. SOWAN words absorbed from the Java language. Italics are also used to write the title song, book, film, and others.Example: Ghosts Purut Orange-themed horror film that is also color the national film industry today.The bottom line has almost the same functions like bold and italic, when computer technology has not sepesat now. As we know, an old typewriter generation facilities have not been there in bold and italics. But for the present, the bottom line is not so obvious uses.Typography is a discipline in selecting and arranging the letters by setting its spread in the available spaces, to create a certain impression, so it can help readers to get a maximum reading comfort.Also known as the art of typography, the work or design that uses the font settings as the main element. In the art of typography, understanding the letter as a symbol of the sound can be ignored.The fontBroadly speaking the letters classified into:*'''Roman''', was originally a set of capital letters as it is commonly found in pillars and Roman inscriptions, but later evolved into the entire definition of letters that have dominated characteristic upright and rigid straight line.**'''Serif''', characterized by having siripan on the end. In addition to helping legibility, siripan also makes it easier when the letters carved into the stone. [[Image: April.jpg | thumb | 150px | An example of the letter Johanna Christine finned in the tomb, the Museum of Garden Inscription]]**'''Egyptian''', or popularly known as slab serif. Character is foot / fin / serif square shaped like a board with a thickness equal or nearly equal. The impression created is a sturdy, strong, sturdy and stable. [[Image: Slabserif thomasdesouza.jpg | 150px | thumb | An example of slab serif letters on the tombstone of Thomas de Souza, at the entrance to the Museum Park Inscription]]**'''''Sans Serif', with features without fins / serif, and has a thickness of the letters of the same or nearly the same. The impression created by the letter of this type is a modern, contemporary and efficient.*'''Script''', is scratch the hand-crafted pen, brush or pencil sharp and usually skewed to the right. The impression it creates is sifast personal and intimate.*'''Miscellaneous''', is the development of the forms that already exist. Plus decorations and ornaments, or decorative lines. The impression which is owned decorative and ornamental.Clarity and Readability == typefaceClarity of form letters (''legibility'') is the rate the ease of the eye to recognize a piece of literature without the hassle. This can be determined by:# The complexity of the design of letters, such as the use siripan, contrast scratches, and so on.# The use of color# Frequency of the observer to see the letters in everyday lifeReadability is the comfort level of an arrangement of letters when read, which is influenced by:# The font# Size# Settings, including grooves, spacing, kerning, alignment, and so on# Color contrast against the background
The types of narrative* Narrative informativeEkspositorik narrative is a narrative that has a target delivery of appropriate information about an event with the aim of expanding their knowledge of people about the story of a person. In the narrative ekspositorik, the author tells of an event based on actual data.Perpetrators are usually highlighted, one person. The perpetrator told ranging from small to date or until the last of his life. Narrative essay is marred by the exposition, exposition, the provisions also apply in writing narrative ekspositprik. K == == Types of narrative* Narrative informativeEkspositorik narrative is a narrative that has a target delivery of appropriate information about an event with the aim of expanding their knowledge of people about the story of a person. In the narrative ekspositorik, the author tells of an event based on actual data.Perpetrators are usually highlighted, one person. The perpetrator told ranging from small to date or until the last of his life. Narrative essay is marred by the exposition, exposition, the provisions also apply in writing narrative ekspositprik. This provision relates to the use of a logical language, based on facts, not to include unsursugestif or be objective.* Narrative artisticSuggestive narrative is a narrative that seeks to provide a purpose, convey a veiled message to the reader or listener so that it looks as though seeing.etentuan is related to the use of a logical language, based on facts, not to include unsursugestif or be objective.* Narrative artisticSuggestive narrative is a narrative that seeks to provide a purpose, convey a veiled message to the reader or listener so that it looks as though seeing.The characteristics of narrative essayAccording Keraf (2000:136)* Highlighting elements of the act or acts.* Arranged in chronological order.* Trying to answer the question "what happened?"* There konfiks.The narrative is built by a story line. This groove will not be interesting if there is no konfiks.In addition to the storyline, and the composition konfiks kronlogis, features more complete narrative revealed by Atar Semi (2003: 31) as follows:* The form of stories about events or pengaalaman authors.* Events or events presented in the form of events that actually occurred, can be either purely imagination or a combination of both.* Based on konfiks, because without konfiks usually uninteresting narrative.* It has aesthetic value.* Emphasize the arrangement is chronological.Keraf dikemikakan traits in common with Semi Atar, that narrative has a feature contains a story, emphasizing the chronological arrangement or from time to time and have konfiks.The difference, Keraf prefer a trait that feature actors.DestinationThe purpose to write a narrative essay is fundamentally namely:* Interlocking provide information or insight and expand knowledge* Provide aesthetic experience to readers
The steps to write a narrative essay* Determine the first theme and message that will be delivered* Set the target reader* Design the main events are shown in schematic form the flow* For the main event was in the beginning, development, and end of story* Details of the principal events in the details of the event as a supporter of the story* Arrange the characters and characterization, setting, and point of view
* The benefits of activity [[extracurricular]]* The role of the wall in the school magazine* Vocational schools as producing skilled manpower.'''Writing sample exposition in general:'''
Basically the job [[accountants]] covers two main areas, namely [[accounting]] and [[auditing]]. In the field of accounting, accountant job retention in the form of data processing to produce financial information, is also planning [[information systems]] accounting is used to produce financial information. {{Br}}In the field of auditing accountants work in an objective examination of financial statements to assess the reasonableness of the information contained in the report.'''Example of exposure to the process which is also a form of exposition:'''Basically the accountant's work covers two main areas, namely accounting and auditing. In the field of accounting, accountant job retention in the form of data processing to produce financial information, accounting information systems planning is also used to produce financial information.In the field of auditing accountants work in an objective examination of financial statements to assess the reasonableness of the information contained in the report.ArgumentationThis essay aims to prove the truth of an opinion / conclusion with data / facts as reasons / evidence. In the arguments justifying his opinion of the author expects the reader. Any element of opinions and data, as well as an advocate of fact or reason [[opinion]] is.Step up the argument:# Define the topic / theme# Setting goals# Collect data from various sources# Develop in accordance with the outline of the selected topic# Develop a framework into an argument essay=== Example ==='''Example themes / topics are appropriate for the argument:'''* Discipline the key to success was [[entrepreneurship]],* [[Technology]] communication must be mastered,* Vocational High School as a potential national asset.'''Example essay arguments in general:'''[[Soul]] heroism must be constantly nurtured and developed due to the spirit of heroism, of development in our country can be run successfully. Heroism will develop into the values and personality traits are noble, high-minded, responsible, dedicated, loyal, tough, and love of neighbor. All of these properties is needed to support development in various fields.PersuasionThis essay aims to influence the reader to do something or invite besifat essay. In persuasion the author expect any form of motor behavior that was done by the reader in accordance with the recommended author in writing.Step up persuasion:# Define the topic / theme# Define the purpose# Collect data from various sources# Prepare the outline of your# Develop the outline of a persuasive essay=== Example ==='''Example themes / topics are appropriate for persuasion:* Say no to drugs,* Save [[energy]] for the sake of future generations,* Forest our friend,* Healthy living without [[cigarettes]],* Reading to expand [[horizon]].'''Example essay persuasion in general:'''One of the diseases we need to watch out for in the rainy season this is acute respiratory infections (ARI). To prevent [[ARD]], we need to eat nutritious foods, drinking [[vitamin]] and [[antioxidant]]. In addition, we need adequate rest, not smoking, and regular exercise, because all it needs to process and how that continues.Spelling is a depiction of the sounds of language (words, sentences, etc.) with the rules of writing (letters) are standardized. Spelling usually has three aspects:phonological aspects concerning the depiction of phonemes with letters and the preparation of the alphabetmorphological aspects concerning the depiction of the units morfemissyntactic aspects of speech-related markers in the form of punctuation.Punctuation marks are symbols that are not associated with the phoneme (sound) or words and phrases in a language, but rather serves to demonstrate the structure and organization of a writing, as well as intonation and pauses that can be observed during the reading. Punctuation rules differ between languages, location, time, and continues to grow.Some aspects of punctuation is a specific style which therefore depends on the choice of authors.[Edit] Types of punctuationSeveral types of punctuation that are important include:Dot (.) Function to mark the end of the sentence news, or for purposes of abbreviation, title, and the numbersComma (,) serves to separate clauses or things mentioned in the sentence, also for purposes of abbreviation, title, and figures.((..)) Sign brackets serves to explain a term that has not been widely known by the audience.Mark (`) quote a single function to associate a term.("...") Quotation marks serve to mark the direct sentence or conversation in a play.Mark (!) Serves to emphasize the fun, giving warning that the sentence is marked with an exclamation that need to be addressed.Mark (?) Asked the question serves to complete the sentence.blindov beautiful sign (b) the function is held.Signs (...-...) circuit serves to connect the word fragment, word repeated, a value range.Colon (:) function to start parsing a sentence.[Edit] Format of writingIn addition to punctuation, there is also the format of writing is quite helpful for the purposes of writing a sentence.Bold, to emphasize a word or phrase that is becoming a conversation. Example: Crocodiles are the largest reptiles that live in rivers and swamps.Italics are words uptake outside of the standard language that is being used. Example: By the time of elections, many candidates who SOWAN clerics. SOWAN words absorbed from the Java language. Italics are also used to write the title song, book, film, and others.Example: Ghosts Purut Orange-themed horror film that is also color the national film industry today.The bottom line has almost the same functions like bold and italic, when computer technology has not sepesat now. As we know, an old typewriter generation facilities have not been there in bold and italics. But for the present, the bottom line is not so obvious uses.Typography is a discipline in selecting and arranging the letters by setting its spread in the available spaces, to create a certain impression, so it can help readers to get a maximum reading comfort.Also known as the art of typography, the work or design that uses the font settings as the main element. In the art of typography, understanding the letter as a symbol of the sound can be ignored.The fontBroadly speaking the letters classified into:*'''Roman''', was originally a set of capital letters as it is commonly found in pillars and Roman inscriptions, but later evolved into the entire definition of letters that have dominated characteristic upright and rigid straight line.**'''Serif''', characterized by having siripan on the end. In addition to helping legibility, siripan also makes it easier when the letters carved into the stone. [[Image: April.jpg | thumb | 150px | An example of the letter Johanna Christine finned in the tomb, the Museum of Garden Inscription]]**'''Egyptian''', or popularly known as slab serif. Character is foot / fin / serif square shaped like a board with a thickness equal or nearly equal. The impression created is a sturdy, strong, sturdy and stable. [[Image: Slabserif thomasdesouza.jpg | 150px | thumb | An example of slab serif letters on the tombstone of Thomas de Souza, at the entrance to the Museum Park Inscription]]**'''''Sans Serif', with features without fins / serif, and has a thickness of the letters of the same or nearly the same. The impression created by the letter of this type is a modern, contemporary and efficient.*'''Script''', is scratch the hand-crafted pen, brush or pencil sharp and usually skewed to the right. The impression it creates is sifast personal and intimate.*'''Miscellaneous''', is the development of the forms that already exist. Plus decorations and ornaments, or decorative lines. The impression which is owned decorative and ornamental.Clarity and Readability == typefaceClarity of form letters (''legibility'') is the rate the ease of the eye to recognize a piece of literature without the hassle. This can be determined by:# The complexity of the design of letters, such as the use siripan, contrast scratches, and so on.# The use of color# Frequency of the observer to see the letters in everyday lifeReadability is the comfort level of an arrangement of letters when read, which is influenced by:# The font# Size# Settings, including grooves, spacing, kerning, alignment, and so on# Color contrast against the background
The types of narrative* Narrative informativeEkspositorik narrative is a narrative that has a target delivery of appropriate information about an event with the aim of expanding their knowledge of people about the story of a person. In the narrative ekspositorik, the author tells of an event based on actual data.Perpetrators are usually highlighted, one person. The perpetrator told ranging from small to date or until the last of his life. Narrative essay is marred by the exposition, exposition, the provisions also apply in writing narrative ekspositprik. K == == Types of narrative* Narrative informativeEkspositorik narrative is a narrative that has a target delivery of appropriate information about an event with the aim of expanding their knowledge of people about the story of a person. In the narrative ekspositorik, the author tells of an event based on actual data.Perpetrators are usually highlighted, one person. The perpetrator told ranging from small to date or until the last of his life. Narrative essay is marred by the exposition, exposition, the provisions also apply in writing narrative ekspositprik. This provision relates to the use of a logical language, based on facts, not to include unsursugestif or be objective.* Narrative artisticSuggestive narrative is a narrative that seeks to provide a purpose, convey a veiled message to the reader or listener so that it looks as though seeing.etentuan is related to the use of a logical language, based on facts, not to include unsursugestif or be objective.* Narrative artisticSuggestive narrative is a narrative that seeks to provide a purpose, convey a veiled message to the reader or listener so that it looks as though seeing.The characteristics of narrative essayAccording Keraf (2000:136)* Highlighting elements of the act or acts.* Arranged in chronological order.* Trying to answer the question "what happened?"* There konfiks.The narrative is built by a story line. This groove will not be interesting if there is no konfiks.In addition to the storyline, and the composition konfiks kronlogis, features more complete narrative revealed by Atar Semi (2003: 31) as follows:* The form of stories about events or pengaalaman authors.* Events or events presented in the form of events that actually occurred, can be either purely imagination or a combination of both.* Based on konfiks, because without konfiks usually uninteresting narrative.* It has aesthetic value.* Emphasize the arrangement is chronological.Keraf dikemikakan traits in common with Semi Atar, that narrative has a feature contains a story, emphasizing the chronological arrangement or from time to time and have konfiks.The difference, Keraf prefer a trait that feature actors.DestinationThe purpose to write a narrative essay is fundamentally namely:* Interlocking provide information or insight and expand knowledge* Provide aesthetic experience to readers
The steps to write a narrative essay* Determine the first theme and message that will be delivered* Set the target reader* Design the main events are shown in schematic form the flow* For the main event was in the beginning, development, and end of story* Details of the principal events in the details of the event as a supporter of the story* Arrange the characters and characterization, setting, and point of view
Narasi
Secara
sederhana, narasi dikenal sebagai cerita. Pada narasi terdapat peristiwa atau
kejadian dalam satu urutan waktu. Di dalam kejadian itu ada pula tokoh yang
menghadapi suatu konflik. Ketiga unsur berupa kejadian, tokoh, dan konflik
merupakan unsur pokok sebuah narasi. Jika ketiga unsur itu bersatu, ketiga
unsur itu disebut plot atau alur. Jadi, narasi adalah cerita yang dipaparkan
berdasarkan plot atau alur.
Narasi dapat
berisi [[fakta]] atau [[fiksi]]. Narasi yang berisi fakta disebut narasi
ekspositoris, sedangkan narasi yang berisi fiksi disebut narasi sugestif.
Contoh narasi ekspositoris adalah biografi, autobiografi, atau kisah
pengalaman. Sedangkan contoh narasi sugestif adalah novel, cerpen, cerbung,
ataupun cergam.
Pola narasi
secara sederhana berbentuk susunan dengan urutan awal – tengah – akhir.
* ''Awal''
narasi biasanya berisi pengantar yaitu memperkenalkan suasana dan tokoh. Bagian
awal harus dibuat menarik agar dapat mengikat pembaca.{{br}}
* Bagian
''tengah'' merupakan bagian yang memunculkan suatu konflik. [[Konflik]] lalu
diarahkan menuju [[klimaks]] cerita. Setelah konfik timbul dan mencapai
klimaks, secara berangsur-angsur cerita akan mereda.{{br}}
* ''Akhir''
cerita yang mereda ini memiliki cara pengungkapan bermacam-macam. Ada yang
menceritakannya dengan panjang, ada yang singkat, ada pula yang berusaha
menggantungkan akhir cerita dengan mempersilakan pembaca untuk menebaknya
sendiri.
Langkah
menyusun narasi (terutama yang berbentuk fiksi) cenderung dilakukan melalui
proses kreatif, dimulai dengan mencari, menemukan, dan menggali [[ide]]. Oleh
karena itu, cerita dirangkai dengan menggunakan "rumus" 5 W + 1 H,
yang dapat disingkat menjadi '''adik simba'''.{{Citation needed|date=Oktober
2009}}
#
('''W'''hat) '''A'''pa yang akan diceritakan,
#
('''W'''here) '''Di''' mana seting/lokasi ceritanya,
#
('''W'''hen) '''K'''apan peristiwa-peristiwa berlangsung,
# ('''W'''ho)
'''Si'''apa pelaku ceritanya,
# ('''W'''hy)
'''M'''engapa peristiwa-peristiwa itu terjadi, dan
# ('''H'''ow)
'''Ba'''gaimana cerita itu dipaparkan.
Soekarno
mengucapkan pidato tentang dasar-dasar Indonesia merdeka yang dinamakan
[[Pancasila]] pada sidang [[BPUPKI]] tanggal 1 Juni 1945.{{br}}
Soekarno
bersama [[Mohammad Hatta]] sebagai wakil bangsa Indonesia mem[[proklamasi]]kan
kemerdekaan Indonesia pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945. Ia ditangkap [[Belanda]]
dan diasingkan ke [[Bengkulu]] pada tahun 1948. Soekarno dikembalikan ke
[[Yogya]] dan dipulihkan kedudukannya sebagai Presiden RI pada tahun 1949.
=== Contoh
===
'''Contoh
narasi berisi fakta:'''
[[Ir.
Soekarno]]
Ir. Soekarno,
Presiden [[Republik Indonesia]] pertama ia adalah seorang [[nasionalis]].
Beliau memimpin [[PNI]] pada tahun 1928. Soekarno menghabiskan waktunya di
penjara dan di tempat pengasingan karena keberaniannya
Jiwa
kepemimpinan dan perjuangannya tidak pernah pupus. Soekarno bersama
pemimpin-pemimpin negara lainnya menjadi juru bicara bagi negara-negara nonblok
pada [[Konferensi Asia Afrika]] di [[Bandung]] tahun 1955. Hampir seluruh
perjalanan hidupnya dihabiskan untuk berbakti dan berjuang.
'''Contoh
narasi fiksi:'''
Aku tersenyum
sambil mengayunkan langkah. Angin dingin yang menerpa, membuat tulang-tulang di
sekujur tubuhku bergemeretak. Kumasukkan kedua telapak [[tangan]] ke dalam saku
jaket, mencoba memerangi rasa dingin yang terasa begitu menyiksa.{{br}}
Wangi kayu
cadar yang terbakar di perapian menyambutku ketika Eriza membukakan pintu.
Wangi yang kelak akan kurindui ketika aku telah kembali ke tanah air. Tapi
wajah ayu di hadapanku, akankah kurindui juga?{{br}}
Ada yang
berdegup keras di dalam dada, namun kuusahakan untuk menepiskannya. Jangan,
Bowo, sergah [[hati]] kecilku, jangan biarkan hatimu terbagi. Ingatlah Ratri,
dia tengah menunggu kepulanganmu dengan segenap cintanya.
Deskripsi
Karangan
jenis ini berisi gambaran mengenai suatu hal/keadaan sehingga pembaca
seolah-olah melihat, mendengar, atau merasakan hal tersebut.
Karangan
deskripsi memiliki ciri-ciri seperti:
* menggambarkan
sesuatu
*
penggambaran tersebut dilakukan sejelas-jelasnya dengan melibatkan kesan
indera,
* membuat
pembaca atau pendengar merasakan sendiri atau mengalami sendiri.
Pola
pengembangan paragraf deskripsi:
* Paragraf
Deskripsi Spasial, paragraf ini menggambarkan objek kusus ruangan, benda atau
tempat.
* Paragraf
Deskripsi Subjektif, paragraf ini menggambarkan objek seperti tafsiran atau
kesan perasaan penulis.
* Paragraf
Deskripsi Objektif, paragraf ini menggambarkan objek dengan apa adanya atau
sebenarnya.
Langkah
menyusun deskripsi:
# Tentukan
objek atau tema yang akan dideskripsikan
# Tentukan
tujuan
#
Mengumpulkan data dengan mengamati objek yang akan dideskripsikan
# Menyusun
data tersebut ke dalam urutan yang baik (menyusun kerangka karangan)
# Menguraikan
kerangka karangan menjadi dekripsi yang sesuai dengan tema yang ditentukan
Contoh Narasi
/ karangan deskripsi :
Tepat pukul
06.00 aku terbangun, diiringi dengan suara - suara ayam yang berkokok seolah
menyanyi sambil membangunkan orang - orang yang masi tidur. serta dapat ku
lihat burung - burung yang berterbangan meninggalkan sarangnya untuk mencari
makan.
Eksposisi
Karangan ini
berisi uraian atau penjelasan tentang suatu topik dengan tujuan memberi
[[informasi]] atau [[pengetahuan]] tambahan bagi pembaca. Untuk memperjelas
uraian, dapat dilengkapi dengan [[grafik]], gambar atau [[statistik]]. Sebagai
catatan, tidak jarang eksposisi ditemukan hanya berisi uraian tentang
langkah/cara/proses kerja. Eksposisi demikian lazim disebut paparan proses.
Langkah
menyusun eksposisi:
* Menentukan
topik/tema
* Menetapkan
tujuan
*
Mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber
* Menyusun
kerangka karangan sesuai dengan topik yang dipilih
*
Mengembangkan kerangka menjadi karangan eksposisi.
=== Contoh
===
'''Contoh
topik yang tepat untuk eksposisi:'''
* Manfaat
kegiatan [[ekstrakurikuler]]
* Peranan
majalah dinding di sekolah
* Sekolah
kejuruan sebagai penghasil tenaga terampil.
'''Contoh
karangan eksposisi pada umumnya:'''
Pada dasarnya
pekerjaan [[akuntan]] mencakup dua bidang pokok, yaitu [[akuntansi]] dan
[[auditing]]. Dalam bidang akuntasi, pekerjan akuntan berupa pengolahan data
untuk menghasilkan informasi keuangan, juga perencanaan [[sistem informasi]]
akuntansi yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan informasi keuangan.{{br}}
Dalam bidang
auditing pekerjaan akuntan berupa pemeriksaan laporan keuangan secara objektif
untuk menilai kewajaran informasi yang tercantum dalam laporan tersebut.
'''Contoh
paparan proses yang juga merupakan bentuk eksposisi:'''
Pada dasarnya
pekerjaan akuntan mencakup dua bidang pokok, yaitu akuntansi dan auditing.
Dalam bidang akuntasi, pekerjan akuntan berupa pengolahan data untuk
menghasilkan informasi keuangan, juga perencanaan sistem informasi akuntansi
yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan informasi keuangan.
Dalam bidang
auditing pekerjaan akuntan berupa pemeriksaan laporan keuangan secara objektif
untuk menilai kewajaran informasi yang tercantum dalam laporan tersebut.
Argumentasi
Karangan ini
bertujuan membuktikan kebenaran suatu pendapat/kesimpulan dengan data/fakta
sebagai alasan/bukti. Dalam argumentasi pengarang mengharapkan pembenaran
pendapatnya dari pembaca. Adanya unsur opini dan data, juga fakta atau alasan
sebagai penyokong [[opini]] tersebut.
Langkah
menyusun argumentasi:
# Menentukan
topik/tema
# Menetapkan
tujuan
#
Mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber
# Menyusun
kerangka karangan sesuai dengan topik yang dipilih
#
Mengembangkan kerangka menjadi karangan argumentasi
=== Contoh
===
'''Contoh
tema/topik yang tepat untuk argumentasi:'''
* Disiplin
kunci sukses ber[[wirausaha]],
*
[[Teknologi]] komunikasi harus segera dikuasai,
* Sekolah
Menengah Kejuruan sebagai aset bangsa yang potensial.
'''Contoh
karangan argumentasi pada umumnya:'''
[[Jiwa]]
kepahlawanan harus senantiasa dipupuk dan dikembangkan karena dengan jiwa
kepahlawanan, pembangunan di negara kita dapat berjalan dengan sukses. Jiwa
kepahlawanan akan berkembang menjadi nilai-nilai dan sifat kepribadian yang luhur,
berjiwa besar, bertanggung jawab, berdedikasi, loyal, tangguh, dan cinta
terhadap sesama. Semua sifat ini sangat dibutuhkan untuk mendukung pembangunan
di berbagai bidang.
Persuasi
Karangan ini
bertujuan memengaruhi pembaca untuk berbuat sesuatu atau karangan yang besifat
mengajak. Dalam persuasi pengarang mengharapkan adanya sikap motorik berupa
perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh pembaca sesuai dengan yang dianjurkan penulis
dalam karangannya.
Langkah
menyusun persuasi:
# Menentukan
topik/tema
# Merumuskan
tujuan
#
Mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber
# Menyusun
kerangka karangan
#
Mengembangkan kerangka karangan menjadi karangan persuasi
=== Contoh
===
'''Contoh
tema/topik yang tepat untuk persuasi:
* Katakan
tidak pada NARKOBA,
* Hemat
[[energi]] demi generasi mendatang,
* Hutan
sahabat kita,
* Hidup sehat
tanpa [[rokok]],
* Membaca
memperluas [[cakrawala]].
'''Contoh
karangan persuasi pada umumnya:'''
Salah satu
penyakit yang perlu kita waspadai di musim hujan ini adalah infeksi saluran
pernapasan akut (ISPA). Untuk mencegah [[ISPA]], kita perlu mengonsumsi makanan
yang bergizi, minum [[vitamin]] dan [[antioksidan]]. Selain itu, kita perlu
istirahat yang cukup, tidak merokok, dan rutin berolah raga, karena semua itu
perlu proses dan cara yang berlanjut.
Ejaan adalah penggambaran bunyi bahasa (kata, kalimat, dsb) dengan
kaidah tulisan (huruf) yang distandardisasikan. Ejaan biasanya memiliki tiga aspek yaitu
- aspek fonologis yang
menyangkut penggambaran fonem dengan huruf dan penyusunan abjad
- aspek morfologis yang menyangkut penggambaran satuan-satuan morfemis
- aspek sintaksis yang
menyangkut penanda ujaran berupa tanda baca.
Tanda
baca adalah simbol yang tidak berhubungan dengan fonem (suara) atau kata dan frasa pada suatu bahasa, melainkan berperan untuk menunjukkan struktur dan organisasi
suatu tulisan, dan juga intonasi serta jeda yang dapat diamati sewaktu pembacaan. Aturan tanda baca
berbeda antar bahasa, lokasi, waktu, dan terus berkembang. Beberapa aspek tanda
baca adalah suatu gaya spesifik yang karenanya tergantung pada pilihan penulis.
[sunting]Jenis tanda baca
Beberapa jenis tanda baca yang
penting antara lain adalah:
- Titik (.) berfungsi untuk menandai akhir kalimat berita,
atau untuk keperluan singkatan, gelar, dan angka-angka
- Koma (,) berfungsi untuk memisahkan anak kalimat atau
hal-hal yang disebutkan dalam kalimat, juga untuk keperluan singkatan,
gelar, dan angka-angka.
- Tanda ((..)) kurung berfungsi untuk menjelaskan suatu
istilah yang belum banyak diketahui oleh khalayak.
- Tanda (`) kutip satu berfungsi untuk mengasosiasikan
suatu istilah.
- Tanda ("...") petik berfungsi untuk menandai
kalimat langsung atau percakapan dalam naskah drama.
- Tanda (!) seru berfungsi untuk menegaskan, memberi
peringatan bahwa kalimat yang bertanda seru tersebut perlu untuk
diperhatikan.
- Tanda (?) tanya berfungsi untuk melengkapi kalimat
tanya.
- tanda blindov cantik (b) berfungsi dipegang.
- Tanda (...-...) hubung berfungsi untuk menghubungkan
penggalan kata, kata ulang, rentang suatu nilai.
- Titik dua (:) berfungsi untuk mengawali penguraian suatu
kalimat.
[sunting]Format penulisan
Selain tanda baca, ada juga format
penulisan yang cukup membantu untuk keperluan penulisan kalimat.
- Cetak tebal, untuk menegaskan suatu kata atau kalimat yang sedang
menjadi pembicaraan. Contoh: Buaya adalah
reptil terbesar yang hidup di sungai dan rawa-rawa.
- Cetak miring merupakan
kata serapan di luar bahasa baku yang sedang digunakan. Contoh: Menjelang
masa Pilkada, banyak calon yang sowan para kyai.
Kata sowan diserap dari bahasa Jawa. Cetak miring
juga digunakan untuk menuliskan judul lagu, buku, film, dan lain-lain.
Contoh: Hantu Jeruk Purut adalah film bertema horor yang
turut mewarnai perfilman nasional saat ini.
- Garis bawah memiliki fungsi hampir sama seperti cetak tebal
dan miring, ketika teknologi komputer belum sepesat sekarang. Seperti kita
ketahui, mesin ketik generasi tua belum ada fasilitas cetak tebal dan
miring. Tapi untuk masa sekarang, garis bawah tidak begitu jelas
penggunaannya.
Tipografi merupakan suatu
ilmu dalam memilih dan menata huruf dengan
pengaturan penyebarannya pada ruang-ruang yang tersedia, untuk menciptakan
kesan tertentu, sehingga dapat menolong pembaca untuk mendapatkan kenyamanan
membaca semaksimal mungkin.
Dikenal pula seni tipografi, yaitu karya atau
desain yang menggunakan pengaturan huruf sebagai elemen utama. Dalam seni
tipografi, pengertian huruf sebagai lambang bunyi bisa diabaikan.
Jenis huruf
Secara garis
besar huruf-huruf digolongkan menjadi:
*
'''Roman''', pada awalnya adalah kumpulan huruf kapital seperti yang biasa
ditemui di pilar dan prasasti Romawi, namun kemudian definisinya berkembang
menjadi seluruh huruf yang mempunyai ciri tegak dan didominasi garis lurus
kaku.
**
'''Serif''', dengan ciri memiliki siripan di ujungnya. Selain membantu
keterbacaan, siripan juga memudahkan saat huruf diukir ke batu.
[[Berkas:April.jpg|thumb|150px|Contoh penggunaan huruf bersirip di nisan
Johanna Christine, Museum Taman Prasasti]]
** '''Egyptian''',
atau populer dengan sebutan slab serif. Cirinya adalah kaki/sirip/serif yang
berbentuk persegi seperti papan dengan ketebalan yang sama atau hampir sama.
Kesan yang ditimbulkan adalah kokoh, kuat, kekar dan stabil. [[Berkas:Slabserif
thomasdesouza.jpg|150px|thumb|Salah satu contoh huruf slab serif di nisan
Thomas de Souza, di pintu masuk Museum Taman Prasasti]]
** '''Sans
Serif''', dengan ciri tanpa sirip/serif, dan memiliki ketebalan huruf yang sama
atau hampir sama. Kesan yang ditimbulkan oleh huruf jenis ini adalah modern,
kontemporer dan efisien.
*
'''Script''', merupakan goresan tangan yang dikerjakan dengan pena, kuas atau
pensil tajam dan biasanya miring ke kanan. Kesan yang ditimbulkannya adalah
sifast pribadi dan akrab.
* '''Miscellaneous''',
merupakan pengembangan dari bentuk-bentuk yang sudah ada. Ditambah hiasan dan
ornamen, atau garis-garis dekoratif. Kesan yang dimiliki adalah dekoratif dan
ornamental.
Kejelasan
bentuk huruf dan Keterbacaan ==
Kejelasan
bentuk huruf (''legibility'') adalah tingkat kemudahan mata mengenali suatu
tulisan tanpa harus bersusah payah. Hal ini bisa ditentukan oleh:
# Kerumitan
desain huruf, seperti penggunaan siripan, kontras goresan, dan sebagainya.
# Penggunaan
warna
# Frekuensi
pengamat menemui huruf tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari
Keterbacaan
adalah tingkat kenyamanan suatu susunan huruf saat dibaca, yang dipengaruhi
oleh:
# Jenis huruf
# Ukuran
# Pengaturan,
termasuk di dalamnya alur, spasi, kerning, perataan, dan sebagainya
# Kontras
warna terhadap latar belakang
Jenis-jenis narasi
* Narasi informatif
Narasi ekspositorik adalah narasi yang memiliki sasaran
penyampaian informasi secara tepat tentang suatu peristiwa dengan tujuan
memperluas pengetahuan orang tentang kisah seseorang. Dalam narasi
ekspositorik, penulis menceritakan suatu peristiwa berdasarkan data yang
sebenarnya. Pelaku yang ditonjolkan biasanya, satu orang. Pelaku diceritakan
mulai dari kecil sampai saat ini atau sampai terakhir dalam kehidupannya.
Karangan narasi ini diwarnai oleh eksposisi, maka ketentuan eksposisi juga
berlaku pada penulisan narasi ekspositprik. K== Jenis-jenis narasi ==
* Narasi informatif
Narasi ekspositorik adalah narasi yang memiliki sasaran
penyampaian informasi secara tepat tentang suatu peristiwa dengan tujuan
memperluas pengetahuan orang tentang kisah seseorang. Dalam narasi
ekspositorik, penulis menceritakan suatu peristiwa berdasarkan data yang
sebenarnya. Pelaku yang ditonjolkan biasanya, satu orang. Pelaku diceritakan
mulai dari kecil sampai saat ini atau sampai terakhir dalam kehidupannya.
Karangan narasi ini diwarnai oleh eksposisi, maka ketentuan eksposisi juga
berlaku pada penulisan narasi ekspositprik. Ketentuan ini berkaitan dengan
penggunaan bahasa yang logis, berdasarkan fakta yang ada, tidak memasukan
unsursugestif atau bersifat objektif.
* Narasi artistik
Narasi sugestif adalah narasi yang berusaha untuk memberikan
suatu maksud tertentu, menyampaikan suatu amanat terselubung kepada para
pembaca atau pendengar sehingga tampak seolah-olah melihat.
etentuan ini berkaitan dengan penggunaan bahasa yang logis,
berdasarkan fakta yang ada, tidak memasukan unsursugestif atau bersifat
objektif.
* Narasi artistik
Narasi sugestif adalah narasi yang berusaha untuk memberikan
suatu maksud tertentu, menyampaikan suatu amanat terselubung kepada para
pembaca atau pendengar sehingga tampak seolah-olah melihat.
Ciri-ciri
Karangan Narasi
Menurut
Keraf (2000:136)
*
Menonjolkan unsur perbuatan atau tindakan.
* Dirangkai
dalam urutan waktu.
* Berusaha
menjawab pertanyaan "apa yang terjadi?"
* Ada
konfiks.
Narasi
dibangun oleh sebuah alur cerita. Alur ini tidak akan menarik jika tidak ada
konfiks. Selain alur cerita, konfiks dan susunan kronlogis, ciri-ciri narasi
lebih lengkap lagi diungkapkan oleh Atar Semi (2003: 31) sebagai berikut:
* Berupa
cerita tentang peristiwa atau pengaalaman penulis.
* Kejadian
atau peristiwa yang disampaikan berupa peristiwa yang benar-benar terjadi,
dapat berupa semata-mata imajinasi atau gabungan keduanya.
* Berdasarkan
konfiks, karena tanpa konfiks biasanya narasi tidak menarik.
* Memiliki
nilai estetika.
*
Menekankan susunan secara kronologis.
Ciri yang
dikemikakan Keraf memiliki persamaan dengan Atar Semi, bahwa narasi memiliki
ciri berisi suatu cerita, menekankan susunan kronologis atau dari waktu ke
waktu dan memiliki konfiks. Perbedaannya, Keraf lebih memilih ciri yang
menonjolkan pelaku.
Tujuan
Tujuan
menulis karangan narasi secara fundamental yaitu:
* Hendak
memberikan informasi atau wawasan dan memperluas pengetahuan
*
Memberikan pengalaman estetis kepada pembaca
Langkah-langkah
menulis karangan narasi
* Tentukan
dulu tema dan amanat yang akan disampaikan
* Tetapkan
sasaran pembaca
* Rancang
peristiwa-peristiwa utama yang akan ditampilkan dalam bentuk skema alur
* Bagi
peristiwa utama itu ke dalam bagian awal, perkembangan, dan akhir cerita
* Rincian
peristiwa-peristiwa utama ke dalam detail-detail peristiwa sebagai pendukung
cerita
* Susun
tokoh dan perwatakan, latar, dan sudut pandang
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